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Elsewhere: The rustic village of Holašovice

After a long, z'avez right to short (as my ex would say.), To publish, even heard some ... of ... course. But beware, although short (published), the material is no less quality (as usual). As important. And so it is very important material, it is classified UNESCO, namely the World Heritage of humanity at all, protected (A priori) by strict rules against manure transgressors, until they discover that there's no dough easy to do with (the property), and screw up that wealth never (intentionally or not).

It is then decommissioned, without manure (dishonest) are pursued because the international rules do not apply in the country, and there's no loot for prosecutions anyway. Czech Republic, there are 12 , the world heritage of mankind, and among these is the village of "Holašovice" Near " České Budějovice " in South Bohemia. So first and foremost, I must give you some definitions, z'allez otherwise be lost in terms sometimes specifically Czech.

- "Selska BAROKO" ( "bauernbarock" in German): Baroque rural folk Baroque, Baroque farmer (without any pejorative connotation) or rustic baroque. It is a vernacular adaptation (really unique and original) of the Baroque (churches, palaces) for specific needs (and far more humble) rural (rustic). This style emerged in the 20s of the XIX century (when the Baroque was in decline wink), and its peak is located around the year 60 of the same century. Although primarily concentrated in southern Bohemia, this architecture is present throughout the republic ours, some in neighboring countries, but totally absent from Latin countries. The baroque is mainly ornamental, and curiously does not look absolutely "construction" (structural work). One of the most important features is the circular pediment scrolls wound (which are other than Archimedes spirals), but there are many other variants.

- "náves" ( "Dorfplatz" in German): the village square, square. This is the central village called "návesní vesnice" , villages radio-centric, that is to say urbanized around a central square. This place represents the capital element of the Planning "Holašovice" , like many villages (and cities) in Europe. Size, like the shape (oval, round, square, rectangular) of the central depended on many parameters: number of inhabitants, a fortified village, market rights, village peasants and craftsmen, mountain village or plain, stand by landlord (?) or spontaneous ... Parenthesis. (?!), Landlord in Czech (as in German) "lokátor" ( "auch Kolonistenführer, Siedlungsunternehmer" ), but not how they say winery officially French (landlord?): Medieval town planner responsible for implementation of new sites in terms of development (organizational and geographical layout), settlement (= social fabric which, how, nationality and color) and cohesive professional (farmer, peasant, artisan, provost, rector, an unemployed .. .). Extremely popular in "Premysl Otakar II , the latter sent for (landlords) barges whole of Germany to colonize (people, cf. the large settlement of Europe ) land unspoiled Bohemia (Read: " Adrienne Körmendy, Melioratio terrae: Vergleichende Untersuchungen uber die im Siedlungsbewegung ostlichen Mitteleuropa im 13.-14. Jahrhundert "). About our town, the central square is rectangular and weighs 70 on 210 meters wide from top.

- "Jazykový Ostrov" ( "sprachinsel" in German): insularity (or minority) language. Town, village, block, where we speak one language, while the rest of the area, region, country, speaks another. There are plenty in Europe (see Alsace, Corsica, Basque in France ...), generally at the borders of countries and represent (in my opinion) a cultural richness that must be preserved at all costs if the we do not want to talk Mc Donald across Europe in 20 years. And for "schindmacher" (fussy :-) the difference between a language and a dialect is very well explained in Wikipedia ( "lehr ebs, ebs No kansch" , eh!).

- "Výměnek" ( "Grossvaterrecht, verbreitungsrecht auch ..." in German): the Middle Ages, there were no asylum ... nursing home or pension (retirement). So when the farmer was old (and sometimes con), Ben had not much choice. He yielded his place (usually a son from him, but could be a step-son, or anyone, if not [beautiful] son, but especially not a girl, that girl is neglected) and moved in a building adjoining the farmhouse (or nearby) and for this purpose, to live his retirement. His successor took over from him therefore in the operation of the farm, but had to feed and maintain but the poor old until his death. This "contract" in Latin, sometimes called "reservatum rusticum" , but in French, no idea.

- "LAN" ( "Jahn, Hufe" German and "hide" English): unit of land has disappeared as completely inconsistent across countries or types.

In the kingdom of Bohemia, we distinguished the "LAN" royal episcopal lord, peasant, land and (?!), Germain, each with a different size from a few up to 7.7 ha almost 30 ha (depending on type, so). Knowing that this was long used by the Anglo-Saxons to as "hide" , a "hide" was the type of 100 to 120 acres and an acre was 0.5 ha (wholesale), a "hide" Brit was then 50 to 60 ha, which is completely outside the boundaries of "LAN" Bohemian (whatever type), and which proves once again that the British are more exceptions today as yesterday. In short, given its fluctuation, the term "LAN" is now used to designate a rather large parcel of land without fixed measure.

- "Jitro" ( "Joch" German, "iugerum" in Latin, and "acre" in English) is called "acre" in French (but not completely sure). Unit of measurement of land has disappeared as completely inconsistent across countries or types. Even the names are uncertain, but in December, the Middle Ages c'te tale. In Bohemia, 1 "jitro" was 0.57 ha while an acre was 0.34 ha in Quebec (to give you an idea). Now if we take the "Joch" German, it was 0.35 ha in Bavaria, and 0.33 ha in Württemberg (to because of the time). Rather, among the Magyars it was 0.43 ha which is almost an acre French. In short, given its fluctuation, the term "jitro" is now used to denote anything, because fortunately we have now fixed the meter, unless you go to Columbia, where the average Ages, royalty and hay inherent archaic persist due to the immutable will of the local natives (that is being changed since 1995, but since it took them a century to learn to wash their hands once a week and change of underwear every first of the month, they will probably have the same period to move the meter actually :-)

- "Meric" ( "Metz" in German): is called "measure" in French. Unit volume has now disappeared as completely inconsistent across countries or types. In Bohemia, 1 "merica" was 61.5 while the "Metz" German was 37 l in Bavaria, Saxony and 6.5 l (because of jetlag, always). In France, the measure was equally uncertain puisqu'évaluée relative to the container that contained it, which served as a unit (cf. Jean-Baptiste Say " Treaty of Political Economy, t.2, p.104 " "There is more uncertainty in the estimation of historical [...] are due to our ignorance of the real capacity of the measurements of grain "). And yet, this was where there was one. But without a bowl? Here, for example, would you tell me how many there as far as possible? Hey!

And now the history of corn. Bohemia, as near our hometown "Holašovice" , were occupied by hairy hominids from the Neolithic period (circa 7000 to 5000 before Jean-Claude). But unevenly, sporadic and scattered manner, all around the pond " Dehtare " , just 4 miles north (see the archaeological sites). Then the caveman gave way to the Celts, Romans and the Slavs to the sixth century, and moved to other neighboring regions such as Germany and Austria, where one can still meet live specimens at various times as the " Oktoberfest " .

That said given its geographical specificity (some 450 m above sea level, wetlands, sloughs, mosquitoes and tuberculosis), the region was not conducive to human settlement, or the cultivation of hops until the Cistercians, as good pioneers, not cleared and "civilized" places (from the second half twelfth century). So could begin the history of corn.

According to sources, the origin of the name comes from "Holasici" , Slavic tribe which would be installed on the side of "Opava" (Silesia) in the second half of the ninth century. Hmm ... First big doubt about this tribe in recent years because its existence has so far not been proven (We just found their name on a mailbox), then because they were Silesians, what would they viendus record in South Bohemia? Moreover, there is a corn in Silesia "Holasovice" (without the famous "š" but with a simple "s"), which claims "Kreuzendorf" in Germain, while our "Holašovice " to us (with the famous " š ") say " Hol (l) schowitz "in Germain. I wonder if someone would not have made a big mistake somewhere in mixing the two boroughs? No, the most likely origin would be a proper name, gender "Holas" , "Holásek" , noblaillon who founded our local corn in the first half of the thirteenth century, when large colonization. The source could even be some "Holšov" since before "Holašovice" , the official name was "Holšovice" (cf. Germain in "Hol (l) schowitz" not "Hol (l) aschowitz "). Personally I have another idea: "hola" means in Czech shaved, peeled and "Sovici" is a kind of owl (an owl to be exact).

And "hola Sovici" would become over the centuries "Holašovice" . Well, that's my personal interpretation, and I leave it to historians to discover what circumstances would the owl lost its feathers ... In short, the date of laying the first stone "Holašovice" is unknown, but its first written mention dates back to 1263. Such, I have not found the source of information, then tweezers rigor. Explanation: According to one source, "Holašovice" were part of the Bled "Záboří" . "Záboří" is mentioned in 1263, when "CEC z Budějovice" sells the corn at the Cistercian monastery of "Vyšší Brod" (cf. Josef Emler, RBM II, p 161 "where it says "1263, 29 Mart. In Budwog, Scech of Budwog sold in monasterio Hohenfurt Villam Zabori ..." ), but nothing about "Holašovice" , or that the town was part of Lot "Záboří" ( not found the source of information). Cons by 1292 is the true date of first mention, and this, when King "Václav II a gift of several hamlets (including "Holašovice" ) au monastère cistercien de "Vyšší Brod" (cf. "Josef Emler, RBM II , p 680" où c'est écrit "Pragae, 3 Jul. 1292, Nos Wencezlaus, rex Boemiae [...] circa civitatem nostram Budiuoyz [...] ad monasterium in Alto Vado [...] villas nostras dictas [...] Holaschawicz [...] in perpetuum possidendas" ). Ah oui, attends, faut que j'explique un peu. Donc en 1263, "Čéč z Budějovic" vend "Holašovice" par l'intermédiaire de "Záboří" à "Vyšší Brod" (not sure). But a few years later, King "Premysl Otakar II bought " Záboří " the monastery.

Then in 1292, "Václav II son of " Premysl Otakar II makes gift "Holašovice" as "Záboří" (and others) to the Cistercians. You follow? Parenthesis. The splendid Cistercian monastery "Vyšší Brod" , Latin "Altovado" (ie Alto Vado, Altum Vadum " and " Hohenfurth " German) deserves really look to history for its architecture, its fabulous library, and his art gallery. But as it is strictly forbidden to photograph, I will not publish one. And yet, believe me, he deserves. But too bad for them, no picture, no issues, yes. Na! Parenthesis. Those who read me regularly know that I fell in love with the paintings " Francis Palko " representing St Simon and St Bartholomew (Bartholomew I), located in the palace " Schwarzentruc " . Ben these paintings, the same dauber, are in the gallery of paintings Monastery "Vyšší Brod" , these two apostles accurate plus 10 other of the dozen, unlike the palace " Schwarzenpaff " which has only 2 (like me :-) So of course, shocked and query. Unfortunately the local guide did not know, as soon as I return to Prague, I took my 10 fingers in his right hand and wrote an email to a contact in the National Gallery found on their website . In essence, it said that: do you know how it does it, and which ones are authentic?

Ben

believe it or not, the affable "PhDr. Tomáš Hladík " (thank you again for the information dear doctor) gave me an answer the next day: all the paintings are genuine, and that such a series of apostles exist in multiple copies is not surprising. These orders appeared to be common among students (the master) of the Academy of Vienna by the monks of one another or even one Tenth monastery. They were perfect copies of the original work. Thus Prague crusts are survivors (of the full dozen) controlled by the Cistercian monastery "Osek" (Northwest). Yeah, but it says nothing on which pictures were painted by "Palko " , and which were painted by his pupils? Well, not serious, after all, huh ... And so the Cistercian "Vyšší Brod" survived the secularizing reforms joséphiennes the late eighteenth century (the only Cistercian monastery to have survived), and the monks were thus able to milk the village (you knew that the word "milk" has no past tense?) until 1848 (ie 550 years), were finally abolished when the chores (attention, serfdom was abolished in 1781 in Bohemia, but the chores subsisted until 1848).

Overall, the village was cursed glands, z'allez-see. As possession of the monastery "Vyšší Brod" , we assume that the hometown was copiously harassed and plundered by the troops during the Hussite Civil War (1420-1434), but it is a hypothesis based on the history of the surrounding hamlets, because on our village, nothing written there. A century later (1520-1521), an epidemic of plague exterminated the two hundred villagers.

Only 2 of them (1%) survived to bury the dead. The mass grave is located in the northern corn and upward column was built to commemorate the plague of the disease. But as the monks needed their slaves, they were eager to repopulate the village with the serfs from their Austrian and German colonies (original hay future z'allez-see). While in 1510 the cadastre were predominantly Slavic-sounding names, the cadastre of about 1530 indicating 17 farms contained almost exclusively Germanic-sounding names (out of 2 POV 'Move' which survived the plague in order to bury Mourus). As and when the village was repopulated, but not hairy bésef since 1651 (after the war 30 years, first census of taxpayers according to their faith, cf. "Sigh poddaných z roku 1651 podle viry" ) list of slaves abbey "Holašovice" had only 14 firm and 52 people aged over 10 years (below, they are only good at playing Doctor with the Irish bishops, not really qualified to work the land). That said, while mentioning many information (name, position, religion, ancestry, age ...) the POV 'Move', this census prepared by the stewards of the land owners was pretty lame, lame, and, as my sales manager the guys were obviously not often in the field (cf. Matthew 22, wife Ursula 16, and their daughter, Katarina 14 years). A more careful (and cause) is the first list of tax payers ( "Bern Rula" or "Catastrum rollar" in Latin), established in 1654, where we learn, in addition to the above information The composition of "property" owned (land, property, tools, livestock ...). FYI, the list of communal livestock "Holašovice" was 43 cows, 37 heifers, 95 sheep and 30 pigs, however, neither their religion nor their nationalities were not mentioned. Between 1785 and 1789, Joseph II ordered a more detailed census ( "Josefský katastr" , cadastre of at Zepp), since it incorporates in addition an estimate of the approximate yield of land, forests as ponds.

FYI, and in that cadastre, the common "Holašovice" represented in "jiter" (plural "jitro" , cf. Above) 348 of farmland, 92 of meadow , 69 of pasture and 48 woods. In terms of annual yield, the estimated 261 bushels of wheat and 3257 measures of rye, barley 1978 steps, 1442 steps of oats ... and stuff, so that the poor in 'devils pay the tax and property tax properly, even when crops were pourraves.

Otherwise the "Germanization" of the sixteenth century was rather painful consequences in the twentieth century. While in 1910 (last census under the influence of chicks-gray) all of the villagers spoke German, but was Austro-Hungarian, after the advent of Czechoslovakia (1918), 70% of inhabitants declared German nationality in 1921 (first census of Czechoslovakia) and 30% of Czech nationality. And then you say? Expect to see, I explain. "Holašovice" never had a school under the empire. In 1784 a school was created to communal "cakov" (3 km north-east of our corn), and the kids "Holašovice" went there to receive a bilingual education Czech-German. Well, everything was fine. Worse in 1873, created a new community school to "Lipanovice" (2.5 km north-west of our corn), but only teaching German. And the kids "Holašovice" had no choice, it was the school of germanophone "Lipanovic" mandatory. Well, everything was fine too, since the entire corn spoke German. With the advent of the new republic in 1918, all germanophone grew from 100% to 70% and 30% of Czech speakers wanted more education in the Czech language, especially since they were at home in Czechoslovakia (see national revival, oppression of the Austro -Hungarian condescension [perceived] Germanic, etc. ...). The Czechoslovak authorities of that time had no problem, quite the contrary, since there was even a real support for the administration to promote this project and "emancipation from Germain.

The problem was more material: when therefore implement this school? The buildings of the village were all inhabited or used on the dough just after the war ... Finally we found a temporary parade in a small room in 1925 ... and finally a real school in 1928 ... Worse came the Munich Agreement , and in 1938 "Holašovice" were incorporated into the Reich, the region " Oberdonau " . This initiative is to the account of the Germanic population of the village, who works as possible in order to realize this design separatist. The Czech population then moved the remaining territory of Bohemia and Moravia a German protectorate administratively. Worse in 1946, and following Potsdam Agreement, then the Presidential decrees "Beneš" , Germans "Holašovice" were expelled from the village and farms occupied by the Czechoslovak population. Not to mention the direct damage caused by war, widened the chasm of misunderstanding between the Slavic and Germanic peoples is still unfortunately (well?) Open. While for centuries (since before "Premysl Otakar II , XIII century) the Slavs and Germans living in Central Europe side by side and in harmony (or so the newspapers would not talk about quarrels in the time), the period 1938 - 1946 put an end to the ecumenism of nationalities. Open Google if you want to know more about these sad events which put forward the Bravery resistant the last hour.

no doubt however that the town is still in the heart of the linguistic island called "České Budějovice" ( "Budweis" in German), since we were greeted by the hostel by a "Tu si muzet sitznout" (instead of "Tady if muzet sednout" , "sitznout" the German "setzen" ).

But back to the timeline. From 1858, "Holašovice" were part of corn "Záboří" (presumably in 1263, cf. Above), and since 1964, is attached to the corn "Jankov" , location also the town hall and the dog kennel. Already in 1960, under the con-Communists, some houses were on the list of the country's cultural heritage. In 1995 "Holašovice" reserves were declared heritage (it means nothing "památková rezervace" in French, so it's important to remember a point of view "Heritage cultural), and in 1998 the apotheosis: corn on the registration list of cultural and natural heritage of all humanity, called " UNESCO list. " Holašovice " had at last 2006 census population 130 to 140 inhabitants (according to sources, and whether they were home at the time of the statement or the pub).

few words about the architecture and urban planning now, because after all, is there the attractiveness of the town. So as said, the town revolves around the central square (210 x 70 m) rectangular, with its center in his pond, his store ( "Kolonial" ) and églisette Factory St John Nepomuk. Parenthesis.

Although obsolete, the word "Kolonial" designated a grocery store where you could buy various food products (but not only), mainly from the "colonies" (but not Czech, settlements, because unlike other countries, Bohemia has never been colonized or warlike). Besides the etymology of "grocery store" is the same "Kolonial" because it was selling spices from colonies (eh!). Otherwise the grocery store and the town house next door (number 22 and 23) respectively and were before the house of the blacksmith and the forge. On the pediment of the latter, are painted in relief with the tools of the blacksmith. The fact that this artisan living (and work) to the center of the village shows its importance to the community, not only as a blacksmith, farrier, but also a dentist (tooth-puller) and secondarily healer or surgeon (true). According to my sources, the forge and blacksmith were still active after the Second World War (but the dentist's license had been withdrawn a few years ago). Second parenthesis: the pond in the village did not serve only to soak his feet in mid July and August. Its primary purpose was to serve as a reservoir of water in case of fire. Located in the middle of the village, he was so readily accessible and close to all the surrounding houses, because a barn full of hay, it Crame rather quickly. The Germans also have a specific word for these ponds purpose firewall in the middle of corn: "Feuerlöschteich" , fire / fire, extinguish ( "löschen" ) and pond, or pond-off-fire. You will find in most corn-based agrarian republic. The Baroque églisette

dedicated to St John of Nepomuk date of 1755, and contains in it a statue of St John Nepomuk (duh?). Given its size églisette (even chaplet), not a church (or chapel), the priest celebrated several masses (but shorter) to the people who went in alphabetical order at predetermined fixed times advance.

As for the communion of the Eucharist (the distribution of the host on the tongue) after the service, it took place in the afternoon at tea time or on the lawn Beautiful weather, either in the hostel in the rain. There was yet the place a sheepfold communal use of nomadic shepherds, but was demolished in the fifties by lack of shepherds, sheep as goats.

According therefore to the cadastre of 1530, there were 17 farms, and experts say this provision of urbanization already dated original of the XIII century. In the course of centuries and until the twentieth, some plots would be "decoupled" constructs before, which today brings the number of "domains" to 22 (around the central square). In fact, thanks to the "economic weakness" of the inhabitants, in the distance (relative) of any large urban area like any road (main) that this village has retained its medieval character authentic. While building more "modern" have appeared subsequently, they were erected outside the "real historical center," but since then the XIII century, the provision of housing, the number of parcels, their size, all that remains as it is in a unique harmony and urbanization in a rational planned almost 750 years ago. Otherwise

each farm consisted of:
- a main house for the farmer and his family which led into the hall ...
- a barn for cows, calves and pigs, chickens,
- opposite the main house, on the other side of the court, a residential school serving as a retirement home (for "Grossvater" , cf. The definitions above),

- against which there were other farm buildings (hangars. ..)
- and at the end of the courtyard, a barn, closing the "U", behind which were ...
- a large rectangular field with plaster gnomes everywhere, enclosed by stone walls that are perfectly distinguished high ,
- plus lofts, attics, basements, cellars, sometimes pigeon and before the houses fountains piston sticks (pump shaft must be shot at, never seen before!?).
noted that the barn opened the 2 sides, allowing cross the farm from the central square (the portal) into the field behind the body (farm). Existed farmhouse called "doubles" (2 "Lány" surface instead of a "LAN" ) who then had their center (the court) attic (grain) like a mini -Bergfried. Pediments dwellings (main as pensions) are all oriented towards the central square, and a massive entrance gate, usually beautifully decorated, separates them (see my pictures).

Worse came the nineteenth century, and with it the rural Baroque. Unfortunately, nothing remains of the plans (if there was), nor the drawings or anything, so we do not even know who were the architects who left is what we see today, nor where their inspiration came. Only guidance, the cadastre of 1827 indicates that the stone buildings (principal residence and silos), and wooden buildings (barns), which is already unusual since then, most houses were made of wood ( "roubenka" , hut kind of Canadian logs, beams, and goat dung in the interstices). The transformation of the hometown spread by experts between 1840 and 1890 in the midst of emancipation and liberalization of the peasants (formerly enslaved and forced at will).

it (transformation) is put on the account of masons who, in all likelihood (master art), had already worked in other towns of the region (and perhaps even of other buildings as farm: Châtelet, churches ...). These splendid facades inspired houses and Baroque palaces were thus affirm the new social climbing their owners. And indeed, shapes and colors of the pediments (such as portals) they were suggested by the owners or craftsmen-masons? It will probably not ever. Anyway "Holašovice" is a town "living", meaning that the houses are inhabited (and usually owned by their inhabitants), unlike the open-air museums, Disneyland Organic hippie retreat. So obviously, there is the issue of conservation "as is" against the natural hygiene standards imposed by kicking ass by the European Union: type toilets, sinks, everything tastes pretty p'tique, etc. ... ? From what I saw in the village inn, everything is there: the toilet (admittedly tiny), running water, soap, towels, tables, chairs, knives, forks, plates salt and pepper, and even a Baroque loufiat to the service. But we did not specifically visited the inside of houses, because we were early season (April), and despite that they were in season, everything was closed because it was cold as late season (October), and that the weather was yucky gray as you can realize on my photos all gray and all that to say that must go when the weather is nice, and in high season.

Finally, note that there is an annual folk festival to "Holašovice" with music, good food, street theater, etc. ... If you're in the area (24 and 25 July this year 2010), do not miss it, it's a great opportunity to experience the culture. Note also do a little less UNESCO, a little less hardy bio, and a little more controversy for a laugh, that since the car park of the town of "Holašovice" , we have a fabulous view of nuclear "Temelin" .

If you look north, some 30 km ahead, you can not miss the 4 stacks refroidissage our Austrian neighbors envy as :-) For years, these devils of assholes s'acharnent on " Temelin " the grounds that it is dangerous, unreliable, and that if it farts, harvesting of fruits and vegetables will PourRite Austria for several weeks. Yes and no. If it farts, it is clearly pourraver harvest fruit and vegetables across Europe, and even serious, it's true. Now the nuclear industry, they have around them , Germany, Hungary, Slovakia, and far more dangerous and less reliable than "Temelin" , just to see how they drive on the roads these buggers there (and I do not speak Swiss). Besides they are quite happy to have our electricity Czech low-cost, the Austrians. So how would we do if we did not "Temelin" ? Hmm? Obviously, nobody wants nuclear unpopular, but nobody wants coal-polluted either, and nobody wants to wind Mongolian (I have not found anything better as rhyme, sorry) then it is how? This increases the price? Sure it will please the Austrian Eco-gatherers who live to spend their 3 slot chichon Afghan and Tibetan Nippe caribou hair. Notice they do not care a bit ecologists, the price of electricity, they live by candlelight and the warmth of the manure, then the electricity ... I'll stay here with the controversy :-) Global Peasant System: 48 ° 58'10 .5 "N, 14 ° 16'21 .31" E.