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Elsewhere: Pilsen and its old rotunda

And in preparing our visit to the Oktoberfest in "Pilsen" ( "Pilsen" German and International) festival which takes place every year in this fabulous brasserie " Prazdroj " which is to beer, what Mecca is the calf's head, I thought I was pochetrogner the snout is good, but be culture is better. So I informed my travel mates, we would make a detour in the early afternoon, before starting the battle for elbow up, then driving is officially prohibited, however strongly discouraged. So z'allez see is not the grandiose, is not flashy, it's not one to rave over superlaxatif reinforcement, but it deserves publish anyway. So today, the rotunda St Peter and Paul and his corn to "Starý Plzenec" .

Let's start by the corn. So "Starý Plzenec" means simply "old Pilsen," and for good reason, "Starý Plzenec" existed long before there "Pilsen" . And even better, before there was "The Plzeň " that any fan of good beer has it "Starý Plzenec" called "Pilsen" . Oh yeah. Here, briefly, I ask you a few historical landmarks. After the big bang ... earth ... bacilli ... mammoths ... hair ... Bronze ... Iron ... crucifix ... Roman ... then eighth century.

There were "Bukovec" , north-east "Pilsen" (today), on the banks of the river "Berounka" , a stand of Slavs, with fort, cows, pigs and women. But we do not know any more, because the archaeological excavations have found nothing that remains of what I've not mentioned (plus a comb giraffe whose authenticity is not proven ). And it is precisely because we did not find anything else, we know that the site disappeared in the late ninth century to give birth at the site of "Starý Plzenec" (but I do not have details to give you, unfortunately). At the crossroads commercial highway in the direction of Bavaria (Prague-Nuremberg, Regensburg and Prague), our corn became the capital of the region, under the regency of the family "Drslavici" , buddy-buddy with the reigning family Bohemia, " Přemyslovci " . It is on this small hill called today " Hůrka " ("Hill" or the Hill Hill), overlooking the river "Úslava" that therefore the first Slavs settled in a fortress , to the eighth century, with cows, pigs and women.

Un peu d'etymology maintenant. "Pilsen" . Selon ce bougre de "Vaclav Hajek of Libočany" dont les élucubrations abracadabrantes ont fait le bonheur des naïfs pendant plusieurs siècles, "Pilsen" aurait ainsi été appelée de par le nombre de "snail" (gastéropodes) recensés vapor Un Certain "Radouš" , fondateur de la ville (cf. "Vaclav Hajek of Libočany, Czech Chronicle. Radauš Some summers 775th, who was the son of the village Hrozislavuov Radauše [...] went to all the family to svau sunset when they came to a big rock. On there he went Radauš with seven servants and their oblíbiv her own, and brought her to the castle to set up and put the name of Radyne rock. And then put yourself close to one in Stream Podolí dvuor construct. But that's not much time pilvausůi (plžuov NEB) was given him the name Pilsner ). Probable plus vieux est l'origine, comme le suggère slave "Joseph Dobrovsk" (cf. "Institutiones linguae slavicae veteris Dialect" ) de "plza, Pilsen, polezný" (Profit, abondant, fécond, utile, profitable ...).

sinon la première mention écrite de "Plzeň" remonte loin loin loin, à 976 très exactement, dans les Chroniques de " Thietmar " , l'évêque de Merseburg: L3 "Anno vero Dominicae Incarnationis 976 Heinricus, dux Bawariorum, honore et communione privatus, Boemiam fugit. Quem inperator ibidem valido petens exercitu cum duce Bolizlavo manentem, nil ibi prorsus in neutro horum profecit, sed magnam Bawariorum catervam, sibi ad auxilium huc venientem, et juxta Pilisini urbem castra metatam, dolo cujusdam militis Bolizlavi sic perdidit" .

L'histoire, c'est qu'un jour, il était une fois l'empereur " Otto II ", Duke of Bavaria " Henry II ", and the Duke of Bohemia " Boleslav II " (they were all tied for second, the bastards). One day " Henry "serious got angry with the Emperor " Otto " for a history of bear hair coat, the other said he was badger, synthetic boot. " Henry " found support from "Boleslav" , which did nothing to laugh all these senseless quarrels, because honestly, bear, badger, when the European Union is in crisis because of the deficit of Greece ... In short, "Otto" then Caliph of the Holy Empire took it badly, very badly, and began to go head fucks a scraped "Boleslav" to teach him to meddle with what does not concern him . Except that no bowl is "Otto" which took a beating, precisely "Pilsen" , and this story is just told in the chronicles of the Bishop of Merseburg. Well, I'll spare you the details because it's not the point, but you will find everything in the memories of Adelaide Abbess ( "Adelheid von der Geschichte Vilich" ), who lost his "Gottfried" in the battle and was so unhappy that ... it's not the point.

Note, however, an important element in the description of the ecclesiastical "Pilisini Urbem ... ..." , indicating the importance of the city, because the term "urbs" was used specifically for cities of importance (cf. "Roma Urbs Mundi" versus "Lutetia Parisiorum civitas" , gender).

The second reference is more comical, and dates back to 992. You'll find it in "Versus Sancti Adalbert passione" (cf. "Gelasius Dobner, Monumenta Historica Bohemiae" , p.32, or "Fontes rerum Bohemicarum" , L1, p.325) where it says: It's returning from Italy, St Adalbert as it arrived at its borders ( " Plzeň ", " Post iter emensum Plizenem ad uentum Menia, Istus earth terminal nam hac urbe manet. "). And suddenly, that he not only saw the holy man? A market ( "Hic hirrenda uirum percussive uisio sanctum: Nam mox ut uidity mercatum ..." ). And yeah, but it was Sunday (resuscitation of Jesus, not bowl), and Sunday, a Christian (like German and Alsatian) is expected before the big TV faignanter, certainly not trade and mercantile juicy ( "Num santa tom lux studiis celebrandi history is, in qua Surrexit Cristus, mortemque reviuxit?" ). Di dieu! I tell you not know that they put all of his episcopal crosier on their saddle of miscreant, shards were found during excavations ( "Hec dicen omnes perturbat abind Forensic ).

Worse yet is a mention of "Pilsen" the following year, 993 acts in rotten (see a previous published for details of acts rotten) Monks " Břevnov ", where it says: " Boleslaus II dux Bohemorum, monasterio Brevnovensi [...] In Pl [izne] nsi vero provincia Villam Oyppernich (Vejprenice )..." (cf. "Codex diplomaticus and epistolaris regni Bohemiae, L1, p.348" ). But is not really interesting because these buggers are just a Trickster to mention the wealth that they give themselves unjustly, then go after.

So during the heyday of "Pilsen" , aka " Starý Plzenec ", it is to include events that took place there, then it is believed, because some are true, others believed. So there was already there, and even earlier, a mint to "Pilsen" . So presumably, because we found during the excavations of the hill Hill, for the money money dating Prince "Jaromír" (between 1004 and 1034, regent intermittently) stamped on the face (the money, not "Jaromír" ) a head of St Wenceslas and the name "Iaromir" on the perimeter (to fool the thieves, because it's not St Wenceslas "Jaromír" ), and beaten on the stack value of 10 euros and "PL [Z] Izen CIVO" on the periphery (see my pictures).

But it is possible that the hotel currency was already under "Boleslav" (1 and 2), and may be even before (see "Jarmila Hašková K otázce Plzeňské mincovny za knížete Jaromír" ), or even that it does existed at all, because neither the Michelin or the Routard do not mention the hotel.

In 1109, Prince "Vladislav I. was called by Emperor Henry V in Regensburg to resolve a case of succession with his brother " Bořivoj II . Ben on the road, he stopped to "Pilsen" in a tavern, to change the mules and Grailler one end. C'est en regardant les infos à la téloche qu'il apprit qu'en son absence de Prague, cette fripouille de "Bořivoj II" avait pris le pouvoir. Il fit alors rapidement demi-tour, et fissa-fissa sur son mulet, se rendit en notre capitale afin de contrer le putsch (cf. "Antiquae Boemiae Usque Ad Exitum Saeculi XII: 1109. Wladislaus dux, qui regis Henrici vocatione debuit in octavis Domini interesse regali synodo Ratisbonae, propter jussum regis accelerans, in civitate Plizen cum ceteris comitibus festis diebus mansit duobus [...]" ou encore

"Cosmas Pragensis, Chronica Bohemorum: Sed quia interim regis Heinrici vocatione debuit in octavis Domini interesse regali synodo Ratispone, preceperat Wacek comiti, ut, quam studiosius posset, Ottoni, quem invitarat ad festum amministraret convivium. Ipse autem propter iussum regis accelerans in civitate Plizen cum ceteris comitibus festis diebus mansit duobus, tercia autem die, ut cognovit ea, que gerebantur in urbe Praga [...]" ). Je vous passe les détails sans glands, mais tout revint dans l'ordre lorsqu'Henri convoqua les deux polissons, et leur mit une bonne fessée cul-nu devant la cour de son empire germanique.

En 1131 l'on mentionne l'archiprêtre de "Plzeň" , Hérold, cumulateur de mandats puisqu'également vicaire et chapelain de l'évêque de Bamberg. C'est pas hyper exciting as new, if this is the first indirect reference to independent religious administration in the West Bohemia, and especially to "Pilsen" (cf. "Canonici Wissegradensis, continuatio Cosmae: Anno Dominicae Incarnationis 1131 [...] that vocabatur Heroldus which vicarius and Capellanus Bambergensis epiacopi and archipresbyter Pilznensis [...]" ). Well we go to more ...

In 1134, Prince "Soběslav I. and his buddy the Emperor " Lothar III reportedly spent a weekend in "Pilsen" to refine their strategy quant à l'avenir de la PLogne qui perdit tout son gouvernement dans un crash d'avion stupide (mais je n'ai ni la source, ni le nom de l'auberge). Ensuite on mentionne nommément et pour la première fois la rotonde St Pierrépaul (qui n'était alors que Pierrépapaul) dans l'édit de 1266 du roi "Přemysl Otakar II" ( "Bohemorum rex Otakarus nomine, qui et Prziemysl" , "Codex diplomaticus Bohemiae, i.e. CDB V.1, p. 703–705: [...] ecclesiam sancti Petri in monte castri predicte civitatis [...]" ) qui met sous tutelle du monastère de "Chotěšov" ( "Monasterio Chotiesoviensibus" , publie à viendre) 8 églises du bourg nommément citées "CDB V.1, p. 703–705: […] ecclesiam sancti Laurencii apud Pilznam [...] ecclesiam sancte Marie in latere Pilznensis civitatis, ecclesiam sancti Iohannis Baptiste, ecclesiam sancti Wencezlai, ecclesiam sancti Martini in Pilznensi civitate, ecclesiam sancte Crucis, ecclesiam sancti Petri in monte castri predicte civitatis, ecclesiam sancti Blasii extra eandem civitatem […]" afin d'être traites et usufruitées par les moniales prémontrées. Notez que pour le bled que c'est aujourd'hui, 8 églises, c'est balaise quand même.

Actuellement il en reste seulement 3 debout (dont our rotunda), 2 of which were found near the foundations of the rotunda, apparently (or very near) the enclosure of the fort, on the other, a mystery. They are probably scattered throughout the village, and remain to be discovered beneath the present buildings. The king also put the pot (in 1266) in cash taxes paid directly by the cities "Stříbro" and "Domažlice" to "Pilsen" ( "CBD: [...] in beneficium Pilzna, in Misa AC IN Domaslich civitatum [...] "), and so that everything is in order, the pope went to his bull in 1273 to confirm all this and prevent the populace of said cities do not pay bristled ( "CBD: [...] annuum redditum denariorum, quem percipitis Pilznensi in Civitate, in Misa and in Domaslich and in foro civitatis eiusdem [...]" ). Worse came

1295, the beginning of the decline "Pilsen" (old) with the founding of "Pilsen" (the new) by King "Václav II . In that time, the road to Bavaria spent more and more elsewhere (to avoid taxes and congestion) and when the sagacious "Václav II put an eye on the map of the country, he said finally, it would really be wiser to tape the principal city of the territory west of the crossing four rivers "Radbuza" , "Úhlava" , "Úslava" and "Mže" (and which form the north-eastern River City "Berounka" ).

In the mid-fourteenth century, the good King Charles IV began construction on the castle "Radyně" (originally "Karlskrona" , 2.5 km south-west of our rotunda ). Once completed in 1361, and to thank the people of "Pilsen" (old) for assisting construction, he released his rascal of serfdom (but not of the royal tax, do not fool around either). Super, candles, took advantage to cross en masse, and our town began to seriously depopulate. of "urbs" , "Pilsen" became corn, administered by the new castle burgrave "Radyně" . In 1442, we speak officially for the first time in "Starý Plzenec" (old ..., cf. "Codex iuris Bohemica, ie ICD [...] of Antiqua Nove Pilzne Pilzsna ... [...]" ) and from 1450, the village of no interest to the king came under the managers of private persons (gentry).

And then the rotunda? Ben rightly, I come here. It therefore dates (well as) from the late tenth century, and was part of the wooden fort of the period Přemyslid. Although the date of erection is unknown, it is assumed to be located in " Boleslav II" (says the pious [the day], the pile [once in bed], cf. Date erection :-) which began construction in no fewer than 20 churches

(cf. 's column Dalimil , c.33, "Pak Boleslav lity snide, Jeho syn Boleslav na Stolec vznide. Poluci is svaty ze zleho a milostivy z liteho. Kostelov dvadceti v Cechach ucini a mesto Mlady Boleslav ustavi. Almuzny velike ciniese a krestanstvo velmi plodiese." ), parce qu'en cette époque, l'on ne jouait pas encore au foot. Ceci-dit, aucun nom d'église n'est mentionné (ni dans les "Chronica Bohemorum de Cosmas Pragensis" qui est une des sources de Dalimil "Erat autem iste princeps, secundus Bolezlaus, vir christianissimus, fide catholicus, pater orphanorum, defensor viduarum, gementium consolator, clericorum et peregrinorum pius susceptor ecclesiarum Dei precipuus fundator. Nam ut in privilegio ecclesie sancti Georgii legimus, XX ecclesia christiane religioni credulus erexit et eas omnibus utilitatibus, that relevant ad usus ecclesiasticos, sufficient ampliavit ") as it is only supposition, churches, and perhaps it would Starts football stadiums in the guise of churches, who knows? Given the small size of the rotunda and the fact that the city of "Pilsen" quickly disposed of 7 other churches also much larger, we can also assume that the importance of our rotunda faded quickly. In the period Hussite (civil war from 1420 to 1434) we do not know much.

is believed to early 16 th century, the rotunda was totally ruined, so that the walls collapsed. All that remained, while the apse and a few pieces of the contour at ground level. In 1561, the family "Kokořovci Kokořova z" became owner of the domain (including the castle "Radyně" , the hometown "Starý Plzenec" as our rotunda in ruins), then sold by Ferdinand 1, softened patronymic from the disability of the family (laugh out loud, "Kokořovci Kokořova z" ). The latter gave the rotunda on foot using materials found in the vicinity, and which were not necessarily original as evidenced by the entrance gate Renaissance (early XVII) dedication to St Pierrépaul, ling and bell-shaped ling Cubist (2 / 3 of the rotunda walls date from the reconstruction). The building was then turned on (religious), and served the purpose of modestly Good II ... good god, god up Joseph ... Joseph II. The Baroque period also brought its share of transformations. The three windows of the "nave" were enlarged, only the window of the apse retains its original novel. In 1785, following the reforms and josephiniennes, the rotunda was entered in the register of monuments to be demolished, but eventually it was sold at auction in 1788, and used as powder deposition gun (between 1790 and 1830) due to its proximity to the quarry used for the stones used in the renovation of local roads. In 1878, there was a first restoration.

In 1920, the city bought the rotunda (who?) And there were a second restoration in 1924. Worse still there was a restoration in 1975, where we finally put glass in the windows at the request of Father fragile lungs. It also laid the tile floor semi-original representative of griffins and Nero, and the ceiling was enriched with faux-wooden boxes rather not terrible and totally anachronistic (see my pictures). Parenthesis. The reason the Emperor Nero is often found in the medieval church tile. Nero was known for his persecution of Christians. It would be responsible for the death of the apostles St. Peter and Paul (cf. the "Annals" of Tacitus), and the Middle Ages we saw him squarely in the anti-Christ (cf. Pocalypse St John the Evangelist and the sixth Roman Emperor, figure 6). Represent it on the tiles, then allowed to trample every Christian's walk the filthy beast (see the number 666 and the hexakosioihexekontahexaphobie). The griffin on him was the strength and cruelty, he was also one of the animals in hell the Apocalypse. The last renovation was in 2008, and it is just after the reopening of the rotunda to the public that I got rushed to contemplate the scope of work. It is mainly the roof and framing, which were renewed, and the cross formed of four axes. But there also rebuilt the altar austere Renaissance using the original materials found on site. Architecturally, as you can see on my photos, like, this is clearly not " Kaplický " .

's all round, and finally in the form of 2 forming a kind of round 8, as a big round full 6.5 m diameter and a small circle of 3.25 m in the shape of a horseshoe stuck behind it. It is built of stone carved quartz wider at the base (cut stones) and narrower in height (static history), joined by a lime mud. Being a typical architecture of the time Otto (s) (X century, Otto 1, 2 and 3 ... and it is said Otho French, and not Otto), our rotunda was not likely never crackles nor daubed in contrast to the rotunda of the time Charlemagne (VIII and IX century, cf. rotunda St. Vitus at Prague Castle, now defunct, to give you an idea). The roof was most likely thatch (hay straw) supported by wooden beams, while the apse was covered by a canopy crib.

Moult excavations took place all around our building (as in), given its location within the walls of the old slave fort. The first search took place in 1860, followed by a second in 1906-1909. From what was found during these excavations we know nothing, because we have no documents archive (lost, drowned, stolen?). Worse further excavation took place during restoration, namely between 1920 and 1926 and between 1972 and 1975, so that in 1993 can be installed in the rotunda a micro-expo copies of artifacts discovered (See my pictures).

Then the result of excavation is as follows. The fort lay about 3 ha. It consisted of a front for the mob scene in which was our rotunda, and a main stage in which lived the cream of the elite (1 ha and 37 acres). In the main stage was a wooden palace with a tower, and various other buildings (it's crazy what could be deduced from a few holes in the ground). The fort, like the 2 scenes, were surrounded by wooden walls, elevated with the packed earth, and even today it is possible some cases to see the contours to the naked eye. Unfortunately for "Starý Plzenec" , everything has been flattened (by whom), and nothing remains but a heap of 10 meters high south of the rotunda. Around them were later discovered 10 skeletons, but apart from the fact that they are dead, it is not to say more about them. In the rotunda, and under the altar, a grave was also discovered (with the skeleton), but like, no clue on the name of the owner. It is suspected that this would be a clergyman, like the curate of the rotunda or the gardener. If not nearby, you can still see the foundations of two other much more impressive churches dating from the second half of the eleventh century: St Lawrence ( "Sv Vavřinec" ) and Holy Cross ( "Starý Kříž" ).

The 2 buildings disappeared in the early nineteenth century.

St Lawrence was right in the main enclosure, and therefore served to the nobility and his inner circle. Its importance as a major churches church site is evidenced by its name: "CBD V.1, p. 703-705: [...] Aule ours rule apud ecclesiam S. laurentii Pilznam [...]" . It was desecrated by reforms Joseph (late eighteenth century), deteriorated slowly and surely, and collapsed in 1818 (sometimes 1815) when a good gust leaned a little too hard on her walls too low. Another version says that only the roof collapsed and the walls is the work of the natives who looted the stones to their own huts. Regardless, today there remain only the foundations (see my pictures). The Church of the Holy Cross, is more complicated. It is the largest churches, but it was outside the fort. Experts are its construction between the late eleventh and early twelfth century. And you know why? Because they found before the entry of a penny "Jaromír" . Laughing as conclusion. Wait, that is, the church dates from Methuselah but the buggers at the time were to blunder their dough and do not drop it anywhere. Better. Maybe she even dated hairy mammoth, the church, because at the time, mammoths had no dough. In short, the last mention of the Holy Cross dates back to 1624, after nothing worse, Keude.

So some people think it would have been destroyed (salmon :-) during the war 30 years. But wait, the more crazy is that like, look-see. During the excavation, it was found under the altar two adult skeletons and a skeleton of a child. Well, so far nothing huge, but wait, in the wall of the oratory, it was found walled up skeleton of a child, and there is huge, because experts assume that this would a pagan rite, such an offering made to the building. The ball is not crazy? A pagan sacrifice for a Christian church! So guys searched again, where was the house's wooden burgrave, and they discovered another tomb, a man of particularly great for the time (like now for that matter), 192 cm, the left hand and right foot were sliced. Such a pagan? Not in December, what is it about anything as barbaric thing? You sure that's the Slavs who lived there, and not the Germans? Otherwise

"Starý Plzenec" was therefore a town in the middle ages. In the course of the eighteenth century the city became village. In 1845 she received the status of town (small town or large village) and in 1902 "Starý Plzenec" again became city. Today belongs to the town of "Plzeň-město" (new city), "Starý Plzenec" account 4800 inhabitants. But wait (again), because for a hole ...

In 1578, the "Kokořovci Kokořova z" construct a sledgehammer (small hammer rudimentary) to "Sedlec" (suburb "Starý Plzenec" ), then a blast furnace in 1596 . In 1850, the estate passed into the hands of Wallenstein, who invest serious in the plant. Arise when plants of jail "Šťáhlavy" ( Die Exzellenz Gräflicher Waldsteinschen Eisenwerke Stiahlau
zu bei Pilsen Sedletz " because noblaillon was residing there at the castle of " Šťáhlavy ") that supply not only Empire Austro-Hungarian, but also the Balkans, the Ottoman empire, the empire of Russia and the Middle East in manufactured goods. Born in 1859 a branch in "Pilsen" , which will be sold in 1869 to " Škoda " , founder of the plants of the same name ( " Škoda Holding " ) who built among others the famous 305 mm (triple turret gun of 12 inches) for class battleships "Tegetthoff" (equivalent to class Courbet French), which still rank (plants) among the manufacturers of machines Machine-forming. Factories "Škoda Plzeň " do you say may be nothing, but for over 100 years and 2 world wars, they were the flagship of the industry, advanced technology, and the cream of European metallurgy.

in 1871, and in order not to be outdone by big sister "Pilsen" and its standard global malting "Starý Plzenec" built a brewery Alt Pilsenetz Bräuhaus ", completed in 1873. No luck, the same year came the Great Depression in the Empire (mainly, but worldwide ditto), and the brewery went bankrupt in 1874, as its shareholders including the mayor (then). The following year the new owner had no more success, and 5 years later he closed the brewery same. Finally between 1897 and 1929, the brewery was taken over by a brewery (Bavarian "Kulmbacher Rizzibräu" ), and manufactured a beer apparently adequate until 1928, when the brewery ceased its activities for I know not why. In 1942, the cellars of the brewery fresh well were taken by a cooperative of manufacturers of white wines to make sparkling wine in the Champagne region. Worse came top in 1948 with Louis Girardot franchouillard native of Epernay, who introduced the true champagne to "Starý Plzenec" with real Champagne yeast, and finally gave his exceptional taste in "Bohemia Sekt" that Ruskofs snapped today in the cul-clips of the Republic.

Ah yes, so it's a sparkling (one can not say more champagne), fragrant (too) sweet (too much) and I file a headache not possible (too much). But the Russians love, inevitably, it's so kitsch ...

Ben voila, you know everything. Although our rotunda was rebuilt, although some parts are original, and although there is not too much to see without a trained eye (Worth two), the Rotunda of St Pierrépaul "Starý Plzenec" remains one of the oldest religious buildings still standing on our territory. You'll find it here: 49 ° 42'12 .37 "N, 13 ° 28'29 .849" E